50 minutes Colour 1983
Film maker: Leslie Woodhead
Anthropologist: Barbara Hazard
This film is a continuation of Living with the Revolution, set in the same communes near Wuxi and focusing on the same families. This film concentrates, however, on the new social and economic policies following the fall of Mao. The new movement is from a highly collectivized system of production to the new `Responsibility System' where the primary production unit is again the household.
One of the families interviewed is the Ding family. The Dings are obviously an influential family in the village-it is called Big Ding Village; the mother is a Party member, the father and one son are accountants, another son is an engineer, a daughter-in-law works in an instruments factory. The family is wealthy. By Mr Ding's own admission they earn between 4,000 to 4,500 yuan a year in an economy where they only require 1,500 yuan a year to live. The rest is spent on material luxuries. This new-found wealth is presented as the result of the new `Responsibilty System'.
Big Ding Village is a partly urbanized community, but another commune of the area, the Wong Jong Commune, is rural. The new policies allow each person their own strip of land, and although the Party dictates what the owner can plant, surplus can be sold for individual profit. These policies are trying to strike a delicate balance to maintain the communal ideals of the Party while encouraging individualism.
Although Mrs Ding and others talk about the equality of women, women now not only work away from home, but also do the traditional duties of a wife. A young wife, who traditionally moves to her husband's home, is still expected to serve her in-laws. A young bride's description of her first meeting with her future husband in an arranged marriage corresponds closely with the traditional meeting of Mr and Mrs Ding in the years before the Communist Revolution. This film creates a portrait of the tensions between the traditional and the new. One such conflict is the government directive for the one-child family. Although many families in China acknowledge the validity of this policy, it is hard to deny the traditional importance of a large family.
Mrs Ding also works as a mediator in a system that tries to resolve conflicts in the community before they reach the courts. Implicit in the mediation are traditional Chinese values: the young must respect the decisions of their elders for the system to be effective. After the mediation sequence, the film shows several old men in a tea room while the narration describes a new pension scheme that would free younger people from taking care of their parents. This policy undermines the fundamental Chinese principle of the value of age and it is no wonder that the older people resent the plan.
The film is about change, a new materialism, a refocusing on individual effort which could threaten communal life. This is in many ways a reassertion of traditional Chinese values; reward for individual effort and materialism have only been strangers to China since the Revolution. Catalogue number (VHS): RA/VHS137 £8.
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